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OTC Value
Instrument guides

Understanding financial instruments

FX, commodities, interest rates and listed contracts: explore how each instrument works, its key terms and what happens throughout its life.

Foreign exchange

  • FX forward

    Agree today on the exchange rate for a future currency exchange. Compare that contractual rate with market conditions and follow the resulting value and P&L.

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  • FX swap

    Combine two opposite currency exchanges at different dates. Follow the near leg, the far leg and their combined P&L.

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  • Non-deliverable forward (NDF)

    Value an FX forward settled by a difference in USD. The fixing date determines final P&L; the settlement date serves a different purpose.

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  • European vanilla FX option

    A call or put whose exercise right is determined at expiry. Keep the option's value separate from its premium and total P&L.

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  • American vanilla FX option

    An FX call or put with an early-exercise right. Record partial or full exercises and assignments while valuing the remaining quantity separately.

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Commodities

  • Commodity fixed-price forward

    Compare a contractual purchase or sale price with a chosen commodity reference, accounting for quantity and payment timing.

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  • Commodity Future-indexed forward

    Follow a commodity contract whose price remains linked to a selected Future until quantities are fixed.

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  • Commodity average-price swap

    Exchange a fixed price against the arithmetic average of commodity prices over a contractual observation period.

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  • Commodity basis swap

    Value the average difference between two commodity references against a contractual differential, with separate tracking of determined and open components.

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  • European commodity option on a Future

    Value an OTC call or put whose terminal payoff depends on the exact settlement of one selected listed Future.

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  • Binary commodity option on a Future

    Model a fixed cash amount per commodity unit when a terminal price condition is met, with an optional settlement-observed barrier.

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  • Commodity average-price option

    Value one OTC call or put on the arithmetic average of commodity prices observed over a defined fixing period.

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  • Daily commodity option strip

    Value a sequence of daily calls or puts on one Future, with equal daily quantities and optional settlement-based barriers.

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Interest rates

  • Fixed-for-floating interest rate swap

    Exchange fixed and floating interest on a single-currency notional. Follow open value, finalized coupons and the separate value of future contractual cash flows.

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Listed futures and options

  • Exchange-traded futures

    Record trades on an identified listed future and follow the net position. P&L comes from trade history and market prices, through a workflow distinct from OTC contracts.

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  • Exchange-traded options on futures

    Track trades in an exact listed option contract. Distinguish the quoted option value, trading P&L and exercise events that affect its underlying future.

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